1. B
The SAT was first administered in 1926. It was created by Carl Brigham and was originally called the Scholastic Aptitude Test. The test was developed as a tool to assess college readiness and was adopted by the College Board.

2. B
The College Board is the nonprofit organization that develops and administers the SAT. While ETS (Educational Testing Service) previously handled test development and scoring under contract, the College Board maintains ownership and administrative oversight of the examination.

3. A
The Stanford Achievement Test was first published in 1923. It was developed at Stanford University and has since gone through multiple editions to maintain current educational standards and norms.

4. C
The current SAT has a maximum total score of 1600, with each of the two main sections (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing, and Math) scored from 200-800. The 2400-point scale was used from 2005-2016.

5. B
The Stanford Achievement Test is designed to measure academic achievement in core K-12 subject areas including reading, mathematics, language, spelling, science, and social studies. It is not designed for college readiness assessment.

6. B
The current SAT consists of two main sections: Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (combined into one section score) and Math. This format was maintained in the 2024 digital redesign.

7. B
The SAT Reading and Writing section assesses reading comprehension, command of evidence, vocabulary in context, and standard English conventions including grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure.

8. B
Each of the two main SAT sections is scored on a scale of 200-800, combining for a total possible score of 400-1600. This scoring scale has been consistent across recent versions of the test.

9. B
The Stanford Achievement Test is a norm-referenced test, meaning student scores are compared to a representative national sample (norm group) of students who took the same test at the same grade level.

10. B
The 2016 SAT redesign made the Essay section optional rather than required. Other changes included returning to the 1600-point scale, eliminating the penalty for wrong answers, and revising content to align more closely with classroom learning.

11. B
The Stanford Achievement Test covers students from Kindergarten through Grade 12, with different test levels and forms appropriate for each grade band to ensure age-appropriate content and difficulty.

12. C
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) currently publishes the Stanford Achievement Test. The test has been published under various names including the Stanford 10 (SAT10) and Stanford Achievement Test Series.

13. B
The SAT Math section covers algebra, problem-solving and data analysis, advanced math (including quadratic equations and functions), and additional topics in math. It does not include calculus.

14. A
SAT originally stood for “Scholastic Aptitude Test.” It was later renamed to “Scholastic Assessment Test” in 1990, and since 1997, “SAT” is no longer considered an acronym and doesn’t officially stand for anything.

15. A
The Stanford Achievement Test includes subtests in Reading, Mathematics, Language, Spelling, and Listening, as well as Science and Social Studies in some editions and grade levels.

16. C
The current digital SAT takes approximately 2 hours and 14 minutes to complete, significantly shorter than the previous paper-based version which took about 3 hours (plus breaks).

17. C
The current SAT uses rights-only scoring, meaning students receive points only for correct answers with no penalty for incorrect answers. This change was implemented in the 2016 redesign.

18. B
A stanine (standard nine) is a method of scaling scores on a nine-point scale ranging from 1 to 9, with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of approximately 2. It provides a way to compare individual performance to the norm group.

19. B
The digital SAT uses multistage adaptive testing (MST), which adapts at the section level rather than question by question. Performance on the first module of each section determines the difficulty of the second module.

20. C
On the digital SAT, calculators are allowed throughout the entire Math section. A built-in graphing calculator (Desmos) is available on-screen, though students may also bring approved handheld calculators.

21. B
Grade equivalent scores on the Stanford Achievement Test indicate the grade level and month at which a student’s score would be considered average. For example, a score of 4.5 suggests performance typical of a fourth-grader in the fifth month of school.

22. B
SAT cross-test scores measure students’ ability to analyze texts and solve problems in history/social studies and science contexts. These scores are based on questions across both the Reading and Writing and Math sections.

23. B
The Stanford Achievement Test can be administered in either paper-and-pencil format or online, depending on the school or district’s preference and testing infrastructure.

24. B
The Stanford Achievement Test was developed by Truman Kelley, Giles Ruch, and Lewis Terman at Stanford University. While Terman is more famous for his work on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, he contributed to achievement test development as well.

25. C
The SAT Evidence-Based Reading and Writing section includes passages from literature (including classic and contemporary fiction), history/social studies (including founding documents), and science.

26. B
The SAT is primarily used for college admissions decisions, while the Stanford Achievement Test is used to measure K-12 academic achievement for purposes such as placement, progress monitoring, and educational program evaluation.

27. B
In 2024, the SAT transitioned to a primarily digital format. The digital SAT is administered on laptops or tablets and features adaptive testing technology for a more personalized and efficient testing experience.

28. B
NCE stands for Normal Curve Equivalent. It is a normalized standard score with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 21.06, ranging from 1 to 99. NCE scores allow for meaningful comparisons and averaging.

29. B
The digital SAT Math section contains 44 questions divided into two modules. This is fewer questions than the previous paper-based version, reflecting the efficiency gains from adaptive testing.

30. B
The Stanford Achievement Test establishes its norms using national standardization samples that are demographically representative of the U.S. student population in terms of geographic region, socioeconomic status, and other factors.

31. D
The SAT reports total scores, section scores, and subscores (formerly test scores). It does not measure or report emotional intelligence, which is a separate psychological construct not assessed by the SAT.

32. B
The Language subtest of the Stanford Achievement Test measures mechanics (capitalization, punctuation), expression (sentence construction, paragraph organization), and language usage (grammar, word choice).

33. C
The minimum score on each SAT section is 200, and the maximum is 800. Therefore, the minimum total SAT score possible is 400, and the maximum is 1600.

34. C
The SAT was developed from the Army Alpha Test, which was used during World War I to assess military recruits. Carl Brigham adapted this test for educational purposes, leading to the creation of the SAT.

35. C
New norms for the Stanford Achievement Test are typically established every 7-10 years when new editions are released. This ensures that the comparison groups remain current and representative of today’s student population.

36. B
Heart of Algebra on the SAT focuses on linear equations, linear functions, and systems of linear equations. These fundamental algebraic concepts form the core of algebra assessed on the test.

37. B
The percentile rank indicates the percentage of students in the norm group who scored at or below a particular score. For example, a percentile rank of 75 means the student scored higher than 75% of the norm group.

38. A
When the SAT Essay was offered, it was scored on three dimensions: Reading, Analysis, and Writing. Each dimension was scored by two raters on a 1-4 scale, resulting in scores of 2-8 for each dimension.

39. B
The Stanford Achievement Test is commonly used for student placement decisions, monitoring academic progress over time, and evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs and curricula.

40. B
In January 2021, the College Board announced it would discontinue SAT Subject Tests (effective immediately in the U.S.) and the optional Essay section (after June 2021). This was part of simplification efforts and response to changing college admission requirements.